David J. Sanderson

		Office:	War Memorial Gym - Room 29
		Phone:	604-822-4361
		Fax:	604-822-6842
		Lab:	Biomechanics Laboratory
		EMail:	david.sanderson@ubc.ca
		Web:	David Sanderson Home Page
Professor

Background

Simon Fraser University, Vancouver B.Sc. 1972; Simon Fraser University, Vancouver M.Sc. 1976; Pennsylvania State University Ph.D. 1986

Specialization

Biomechanics – Locomotion, In vivo skeletal muscle function

Courses Taught

HKIN 363 (3) - Quantitative Biomechanics of Human Movement

Mechanics and Kinetics - The objective of this course is to build on the principles of physics acquired in Physics 12 or Physics 100 and apply them to a quantitative analysis of human movement. Examples of movement will include those pertaining to exercise, sport, and physical activity in addition to more general activities such as walking and in the rehabilitation environment. The student should gain an understanding of the use of a quantitative analysis to explain how mechanical principles govern human motion. At the completion of this course it is desired that each student be able to: 1) to understand how 2D rigid body dynamics can be used to quantify human motion, (2) understand the cause and effect relationship between force and linear and angular motion, and (3) perform mathematical analysis of complex human motion in two dimensions. Pre- or corequisite: HKIN 290 and 291 or ANAT 390.

HKIN 473 (3) - Human Biomechanical Analysis

Advanced quantitative analysis of human motion. The objective of this course is to provide the student with the opportunity to explore the mechanics of muscular contraction. The primary tool for this exploration will be electromyography. Electromyography, or EMG, is a recording of the electrical activity associated with contracting muscle. It, therefore, provides a means to visualize the muscular activity much in the same way as ECG indicates heart activity and EEG can be used to quantify and describe brain wave activity. Prerequisite: 1st Year Physics or HKIN 363. [3-0]

HKIN 563 (3) - Advanced Quantitative Analysis of Human Motion

The aim of this course is to expose you to equipment and analysis techniques employed in a biomechanical analysis of human movement. This aim will be achieved by selecting a movement pattern and recording data from that pattern employing techniques of cinematography, force platform measurement, and electromyographic recording. All of these techniques will require computer-based recording and analysis systems.

HKIN 573 (3) - Advanced Biomechanics Seminar

The aim of this course is to explore themes in biomechanics as they relate to human movement. Group discussion format will be used to examine the current literature on selected topics. In the past these topics have included locomotion, EMG, and ergonomics of prosthetic design.

Research

The research program that I have developed is twofold and embraces graduate student education as well as the pursuit of knowledge as it pertains to human locomotion activities. My long-term research objective is to explore how skeletal muscle might be controlled or in itself dictates how humans move in cyclical fashion. The work done to date, as indicated in the publication list, has been to acquire a range of data on cyclic movements so that a comprehensive study can be done on the features common to human cyclic activity. The pattern of locomotion, be it walking, running, cycling, or wheelchair propulsion, includes periods when the skeletal system is alternately loaded and unloaded. For example, during walking there are forces applied to the body during the stance phase. These forces are removed during the swing phase. A similar pattern can be seen in running, cycling, and in wheelchair propulsion through hand contact with the push-rim. These cyclical loading patterns suggest that there will be a common strategy, based in skeletal muscle, that responds to loading magnitude, loading rate, and duration of load application. From another perspective, one can focus on the nature of accommodation of amputees to the loss of the limb segment. I have completed a detailed examination of the accommodation as reflected in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of their gait during running and walking. While these individuals have been dealt a serious loss though amputation they have developed a new strategy for cyclical ambulation. A series of studies is planned to examine the nature of this accommodation as reflected in strategies for obstacle avoidance. It is my hypothesis that the mechanical characteristics of the skeletal muscle dictate the response to variations in load and load-rate. Thus, “optimal” refers to some solution to a motion problem and this optimum is determined by the mechanical characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Current Projects

Joint kinetics and EMG activity during walking and running by unilateral below-knee amputees. Funded by the Vancouver Foundation http://www.vancouverfoundation.bc.ca.

The role of involuntary muscle response on the facet-joint capsule strain in whiplash-type loading of the cervical spine. Funded by the B.C. Science Council http://www.ei.gov.bc.ca/DoingBusiness/BCGovernmentLinks/Framed%20Pages/scbc.htm and NSERC http://www.nserc.ca.

Publications

Scholarly Articles

Marsh, A.P., Martin, P.E., and Sanderson, D.J. (2000). Is a joint moment-based cost function associated with preferred cycling cadence? Journal of Biomechanics, 33(2), 173-180.

Sanderson, D.J., Hennig, E.M. and Black, A.H. (2000). The influence of cadence and power output on the effectiveness of force application and in-shoe pressure distribution during steady rate cycling. Journal of Sports Science 18(3/4), 1-9.

Siegmund G.P., Edwards, M.R., Moore, K.S., Tiessen, D.A., Sanderson, D.J., and McKenzie, D.C. (1999) Ventilation and locomotion cooupling in varisty male rowers. Journal of Applied Physiology 87(1), 233-242.

Davidson, P.L., Sanderson, D.J., and Loomer, R.L. (1998). Kinematics of valgus bracing for medial gonarthrosis. Clinical Biomechanics 13, 414-419.

Sanderson, D.J. and Martin, P.E. (1997). Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic adaptations in unilateral below-knee amputees during walking. Gait and Posture 6, 126-136.

Sawatzky, B., Tredwell, S. and Sanderson, D.J. (1997). Postural control and trunk imbalance following Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Gait and Posture 5, 116-119.

Sanderson, D.J. and Martin, P.E. (1996). Joint kinetics in unilateral below-knee amputees during running. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 77, 1279-1285.

Hirsch, G., McBride, M.E., Murray, D.D., Sanderson, D.J., Dukes, I., and Menard, M.R. (1996). Chopart prosthesis and semirigid foot orthosis in traumatic forefoot amputation. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75, 283-291

Bednarczyk, J.H. and Sanderson, D.J. (1995). Limitations of kinematics in the assessment of wheelchair propulsion in adults and children with spinal cord injury. Physical Therapy 75, 281-289.

Hennig, E.M. and Sanderson, D.J. (1995). In-shoe pressure distribution for cycling with two types of footwear at different mechanical loads. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 11, 68-80.

Anderson, D.L., Sanderson, D.J., and Hennig, E.M. (1995). The role of external, non rigid ankle bracing in limiting ankle inversion. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 5, 18-24.

Sanderson, D.J., Black, A.H. and Montgomery, J. (1994). The effect of varus and valgus wedges on coronal plane knee motion during steady-rate cycling. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 4, 120-124.

Bednarczyk, J.H. and Sanderson, D.J. (1994). Kinematics of wheelchair propulsion in adults and children with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75, 1327-1334.

Sawatzky, B., Sanderson, D., Beauchamp, R., and Outerbridge, A. (1994). Ground reaction forces in children with idiopathic clubfeet. Gait and Posture, 2, 123-127.

Revised: September 2000